In every internal combustion engine,there are various parts,connected to each other.To convert reciprocating motion of piston into rotary motion of crankshaft,we have to connect,piston to crankshaft with the help of connecting rod and gudgeon pin.Below you will find details about these two parts.01) Connecting Rod:-The load on the piston due to combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber is transmitted to crankshaft through the connecting rod.One end of connecting rod known as small end and is connected to the piston through gudgeon pin while the other end known as big end and is connected to crankshaft through crank pin.Connecting rods are usually made up of drop forged I section.In large size internal combustion engine,the connecting rods of rectangular section have been employed.In such cases,the larger dimensions are kept in the plane of rotation.In petrol engine,the connecting rod's big end is generally split to enable its clamping around the crankshaft.Suitable diameter holes are provided to accommodate connecting rod bolts for clamping.The big end of connecting rod is clamped with crankshaft with the help of connecting rod bolt,nut and split pin or cotter pin.Generally,plain carbon steel is used as material to manufacture connecting rod but where low weight is most important factor,aluminium alloys are most suitable.Nickel alloy steel are also used for heavy duty engine's connecting rod.02)Gudgeon Pin:-This pin connects the piston with small end of the connecting rod,and also known as piston pin.It is made up of case hardened steel and accurately ground to the required diameters.Gudgeon pins are made hollow to reduce its weight,resulting low inertia effect of reciprocating parts.This pin is also known as "Fully Floating" as this is free to turn or oscillate both in the piston bosses as well as the small end of the connecting rod.There are very less chances of seizure in this case but the end movement of the pin must be restricted to score the cylinder walls.This can be achieved by using any one of the following three methods,A) One spring circlip at each end is fitted into the groove in the piston bosses.B) On spring circlip is provided in the middle.C) Bronze or Aluminium pads are fitted at both ends of the pin,which prevents the cylinder walls from being damaged.The gudgeon pin may also be semi-floating type,in which either the pin is free to turn or oscillate in the small end bearing but secured in the piston bosses or it may secured in the small end bearing and allowed a free oscillating movement in the piston bosses.This method provides more bearing area at the bosses and hence no need for providing bushes there in,is preferred.

Engine bearing is a special product which can meet specific requirements. According to its name, we can predict that it can be used in engines. Actually, it can be applied between two parts of an engine.It has two main functions. One is reducing friction between the rotating parts of an engine by having two lubricated different metals slide against each other. The other is supporting the crankshaft. This type of bearing also has various kinds. In order to keep the engines running smoothly, three main types of engine bearings should be applied.The first one is the crankshaft main bearing on which the crankshafts rotate. It can be found in between the engine block and the crankshaft. And the oil film coating around the bearings is important to keep consistent to ensure the crankshafts continue to spin. Main bearings can be used in different kinds of engines, and the number used is also different. For instance, modern V8 engines have five main bearings while six cylinder engines have seven main bearings.The second one that I have to talk about is the camshaft bearing that can be used to reduce friction with the rotation of the camshafts. What are the camshafts? They are long rods with various lobes sticking out that can either cover or uncover a valve in the engine. Besides, they are connected to the crankshafts directly or by a gear mechanism.The last but not the least one is the connecting rod bearing which is the metal insert that protects the wear and tear in between the connecting rods and the crankshaft. The rods are the link between the pistons and the crankshaft. When the crankshaft rotates, it is the connecting rods that move the pistons down and up in their cylinder bores.The above mentioned three main types of engine bearings have their own characteristics and significance. Due to their cooperation, the engines are kept under the smooth function.You can find more on engine bearings and camshaft bearing.Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Sunny_LingArticle Source: http://EzineArticles.com/5995927

Awhile back I had a woman traveling through to stop atthe shop.Her radiator, the one in her car, had a leak.It was a small leak but she had lost a lot of water, inthe car radiator.Now, as I'm not a radiator repair shop, and the nearestone was 20 miles, in the opposite direction, I did whatI do to my old 8N Ford tractor radiator.I put a small can of black pepper in it. Yeah, I did!No sugar, salt, or any other ingredients, just blackpepper.If the hole in a radiator is not too large, blackpepper will stop it up, temporarily, and it's betterthan egg-white. You can store a can of black pepper inyour dash compartment better than you can an egg, andit will last longer.Black pepper will not dissolve, deteriorate, or digest.That's why I don't eat it...plus, it burns my mouth. :-)I say it is a temporary stop leak tool, but I've usedin before and the customer drove his vehicle for over ayear before he sold it.Go to the grocery store, get one of those 2" cans,brand doesn't matter, and put it in the compartment onthe dash, or the console.Just don't use it all up at the drive-in eatingplaces...keep it until you create a leak in yourradiator.Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/585

What are tie rod ends? Your life depends on them!All vehicles, no matter what make or model have tie rod ends.On vehicles with Rack and Pinion Steering there are only two, but on others, there are four.The tie rod end attaches to the steering knuckle on each front wheel on Rack and Pinion Steering.On non-R&P steering, there is one attached to the steering knuckle on each front wheel and one attached to the long bar that controls both wheels for steering, called a Tie Rod Drag Link.This link is connected to the pitman arm coming from the steering gear-box and also connected to an idler arm for stability purposes.The little tie rod ends on non R&P screw into a sleeve with both right-handed threads and left-handed threads.When you have the toe-in set on your vehicle, the technician can loosen two bolts and nuts and twist this sleeve¡...this makes the tires go out or in.It is very important to have these tie rod ends greased every time you have the oil and filter changed in the engine.Why? Well, if you don't grease them then, when will you? :-)The importance in greasing them is to keep them moving freely.If they get dry they will wear out quickly.If they wear out, they can come apart.If they come apart, you won't be able to steer your vehicle. Not a good thing.Now, grant you, on some of the newer vehicles the manufacturers decided to leave off the grease fittings.These tie rods come pre-packed and will last a very long time.But, you should have them 'checked ' at each oil change.Some have a threaded hole for the grease fitting, but they have a small cap over them.You can remove the cap and add a fitting so you can grease it.Any time you replace a tie rod end, be sure to grease it, and the others if you can.Take care of your vehicle so it will take care of you and your family!

Everyone should be taking the precautions to insure that their waste oil is properly disposed of. This is important for a few reasons.1.) You will avoid waste oil accidents,2.) You will limit your legal liability, and3.) You will protect both your workers and the environment.4.) You should have a manual outlining proper diposalStore Waste Oil in sturdy, leak proof metal containers or in a tank approved by your local fire department. And in the cause of a commercial operation EPA Approved waster oil tanks. Always be sure to label the container or tank and the storage area in large letters: "Used Crankcase Oil." or "Used Engine Oil." Also remember to Keep containers closed unless you are adding or removing used oil. Place containers on a surface made from anonymous material (such as concrete) that waste oil cannot pass through or order a plastic container or storage bin, box or pool from the New Pig Catalog,http://www.newpig.comThe surfaces should have no cracks or gaps otherwise a breach in the container from any source could cause an accidental spill and cause harm before you can fix the problem or become aware that their is a leak. Store waste oil away from drains or ignition sources. Or textiles, towels, rags, old newspaper or anything that might soak up the spilled or leaked out oil. Otherwise you have all the makings of a spontaneous combustion situation and a fire can ruin your whole day, loss of structure or life."Lance Winslow" - Online Think Tank forum board. If you have innovative thoughts and unique perspectives, come think with Lance; www.WorldThinkTank.net/. Lance is an online writer in retirement.Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Lance_WinslowArticle Source: http://EzineArticles.com/25278